Tuesday, December 24, 2019

A Journal Of Counseling Psychology - 1252 Words

During the last ten years, the number of Chinese students who study abroad has increased. They want more opportunities to improve their academic ability and self-care ability, so that they widen their knowledge and enrich their experiences. Proudly, there are indeed many exciting and enjoyable aspects for them to being international students. But the same challenges and changes that make student days potentially so life enhancing can also present opportunities for depression to intrude. Depression is the most common issue for which university counselors are consulted by students. According to Acculturative Stress, Perfectionism, Years in the United States, and Depression among Chinese International Students.† a journal of Counseling Psychology and edited by Wei, et al: Depression is often listed as one of the top presenting concerns among international students who seek help from university counseling centers. For this population, one of the vulnerability factors related to depression is acculturative stress. In general, acculturative stress is defined as a stress reaction in response to life events that are rooted in the experiences of acculturation, or psychosocial stressors resulting from unfamiliarity with new customs and social norms. For Chinese international students, the sources of acculturative stress often include academic pressures, economic stress, language difficulties, feelings of inferiority, and difficulties in adjusting to new food or cultural values, lackShow MoreRelatedPositive Body Image Group Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesincorpor ated along with other techniques and interventions within a group setting. Works Cited Acitelli, L. K. (1992). Gender differences in relationship awareness and marital satisfaction among young married couples. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 102-110. doi: 10.1177/0146167292181015 Amato, P., Bradshaw, R. (1985). An exploratory study of peoples reasons for delaying or avoiding help seeking. Australian Psychologist , 20, 21-31. doi:10.1080/0005005082557 Ansara, D.Read MoreUsing A Group Counseling Scale And Related Model For The Articles1049 Words   |  5 Pagesto me that is one of the classification when looking at categorizing the research; therefore each of this articles would qualify as qualitative. Improving the Use of a Group Counseling Scale and Related Model To Teach Theory and Skills Integration: Zimmick, Smaby and Maddux (2000); study tested the Skilled Group Counseling Training Model (SGCTM). Results uncover that understudies in a gathering advising class who were prepared in the model utilized no less than 80% of the SGCTM abilities amid threeRead MoreJournal Articles Summary: Group Psychotherapy1118 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: JOURNAL ARTICLES SUMMARY Journal Articles Summary: Group Psychotherapy Self-disclosure in Psychotherapy Supervisors: Gender Differences This journal article discusses the issue of self-disclosure in psychotherapy, which is greatly affected by the gender differences. The relationship between the supervisors and the trainees is very much dependent upon the relation of the two. Sometimes they become so familiar with each other that they get involve in sexual relationships, which isRead MoreThe Cultural Considerations Involved With Counseling The Lgbt Community1020 Words   |  5 Pages Counseling the LGBT Community Yvette Morales University of the Incarnate Word August 2014 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore various considerations when counseling members of the lesbian, bisexual, gay and transgender community (LGBT). When counseling LGBT members, the psychology professional must be aware of various factors that may influence effective treatment. For instance, the historical treatment of the LGBT community by the mental health profession is importantRead MorePrayer in Counseling1044 Words   |  5 PagesChristian Clients’ Preferences Regarding Prayer as a Counseling Intervention Journal Article Review Liberty University April 19, 2012 Summary In Eriksen and Weld’s journal article, the writers contend that spirituality and prayer is being utilized more and more by mental health practitioners and counselors. The concept of prayer within the counseling session is something that was considered for a long time but the actual use of spirituality practices is more frequently being used todayRead MoreInternet Forum and Discussion Board Forums1224 Words   |  5 PagesCourse Syllabus COUN 506 Integration of Psychology and Theology Course Description Students critically examine the implications of a Christian worldview for counseling and marriage and family practice. Ethical issues relevant to the use of spiritual and religious interventions with individuals, couples, families are considered, along with current research related to spirituality and counseling. Rationale Integration of psychology, theology, and spirituality provides students anRead MoreThe Macrosystem: From Child to Adult Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesmental health counseling. The foundational areas are the development across the lifespan, ecological theory, mental health, and mental health promotion. These together form a unique base from which mental health and community counselors practice. This is referred to as,† The comprehensive mental health counseling model, a comprehensive model.† The model places the dimensions of mental illness and mental health/wellness with and ecological context. Mental health and community counseling assess for personalRead MoreInfidelity and Confidentiality: A Dilema for Therapists Essays1399 Words   |  6 Pages Counseling couples who are attempting to overcome the betrayal of infidelity together pose a unique challenge to most therapists. In addition, a couple where one spouse admits to an affair to the therapist without their spouse’s knowledge can be equally distressing to said counselor. What are the ethical concerns regarding this scenario? In one case we are keeping our client’s confidences, building trust and following all ethical codes of confidentiality. In another case, weRead MoreHistory and Theory Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesHistory and Theory The viewpoints if Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers have similarities and differences. Both have made significant contribution to the psychology field. The theories from Freud and Rogers are still used in modern psychology. Freud is best known for creating psychoanalysis and Rogers is renowned for developing the person-centered therapy. The subject of this paper pertains to Freud’s and Rogers’ views of their respective theories, how different their theories would beRead MoreCharacteristics Of An Effective Counselor1340 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis was applied to the above five characteristics with the hope of creating a more thorough understanding of what characteristics will assist in the journey of becoming an effective counselor. â€Æ' Characteristics of an Effective Counselor Counseling is an age old profession. A counselor is â€Å"someone who is able to connect with their clients and assist them in resolving their issues, make choices, and implement alterations outlook and behavior that they desire in their life† (Counselor, 2015)

Monday, December 16, 2019

Exploring Adolescent Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances Free Essays

Exploring Adolescent Use of Anabolic Steroids Since the introduction of anabolic steroids, the main objective of using them has been widely abused. The use of these substances has steadily increased throughout the years. As popularity of anabolic steroids escalated, so has its demand. We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring Adolescent Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the inception of anabolic steroids in the world of professional sports, the acceptance of doping amongst athletes was positive. During the 1970s, there were no repercussions for taking anabolic steroids, and so athletes, especially football players and weight-lifters, were trying to get that physical advantage over their competitors. Many professional baseball and football players of this most recent generation have used anabolic steroids. In football there was the great Lawrence Taylor, Bill Romanowski, and Shawne Merriman. In baseball, a steroid scandal involved the great Barry Bonds, and numerous baseball prodigies who juiced up such as Mark McGwire, Jose Canseco, Alex Rodriguez, Roger Clemens, and Manny Ramirez. Not only have baseball and football players used anabolic steroids, but other types of athletes, such as power-lifters, as well. In track and field, Tim Montgomery was cited for doping. In recent years, female track and field athletes such as Marion Jones were busted for using anabolic steroids. With the accessibility of anabolic steroids increasing at an alarming rate, a person has to wonder what kind of effect anabolic steroids could have on adolescents? If doping really is becoming accepted amongst professional athletes, what kind of influence will it have on the adolescents? This research analysis essay will be exploring the physical and mental risks and consequences for adolescents using anabolic steroids as well as their motivation for doping. Steroids were originally developed to administer to hypogonadism in the 1930s (Volkow 1). Through experimenting, scientists discovered that the use of anabolic steroids could generate muscle growth. This discovery led to the abuse of anabolic steroids in the sporting world. Technological experimentation and advances over time enabled researchers to identify many types of anabolic steroids. In researching the effects of anabolic steroids, scientists also detected many side effects from using anabolic steroids, although much is still unknown regarding their long-term side ffects (Kusserow 9). There are two ways of taking anabolic steroids, one way is to take them orally or by injection. In taking anabolic steroids with these two methods, an adolescent can severely damage the endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, the hepatic system, and the skin (Volkow 5). A major health defect of taking anabolic steroids is that it affects the endocrine system. The endocrine sy stem is a gland system that is responsible for the discharge of hormones that assist in regulating certain bodily processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development. One of the important factors that the endocrine system controls is the mood of a person. The human body already secretes certain hormones into the body to keep bodily processes functioning the way they were supposed to. By taking anabolic steroids, an adolescent is disrupting the natural production of hormones (Volkow 4). The endocrine system only secretes a certain amount of hormones a day to prevent imbalance. If the endocrine system secretes too many hormones into the human body, there will be a hormonal imbalance which could lead to disease or abnormal development. Taking anabolic steroids can cause reversible changes, which include sperm count deduction, infertility of sperm, and testicle shrinkage (Volkow 4). In males, irreversible changes may occur by taking anabolic steroids such as feminization and male-pattern baldness (Volkow 4). Although anabolic steroids may physically enhance a person’s appearance, the damage caused by anabolic steroids is something many adolescents are overlooking. The human body normally releases testosterone and other hormones that causes growth, and stops the release of hormones as well. However, taking anabolic steroids as an adolescent results in the synthetic release of hormones. This leads to a surplus of sex hormone levels that can prematurely signal the bones to stop growing (Volkow 4). Anabolic steroid use may cause more frequent tendon injuries due to â€Å"skeletal muscle adaptations taking place rather rapidly in comparison to connective tissue† (Hoffman 186). Also, anabolic steroid use causes severe acne based on research done by the Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (Hoffman 184). Not only can steroids stunt your growth as an adolescent, it can cause severe damage to the circulatory and hepatic systems. The circulatory system is responsible for the circulation of blood throughout the body. Other responsibilities include the removal of bodily wastes and the transference of nutrients to the cells. By taking anabolic steroids, an adolescent is increasing the risk of sustaining a heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular disease (Volkow 4; Hoffman 184-185). According to Kusserow, physicians conducting a study/research involving former steroid users noticed â€Å"links, without consensus on degree, to cardiovascular disease† and anabolic steroids (Kusserow 12). The clotting of blood in the blood vessels keeps blood from flowing to the heart, which may cause heart damage. An adolescent can experience a stroke from having a blood flow disruption to the brain. Anabolic steroids elevate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which is the main factor in having a disruption to the body’s blood flow (Hoffman 185). The hepatic system is the liver. The liver’s main responsibility is detoxifying the human body. At this point in time, living without a liver is impossible. So, if the liver were to have a blood flow disruption, the liver would fail, resulting in potential death. Using anabolic steroids may â€Å"increase risk of liver tumors and liver damage† (Hoffman 184). Internal bleeding may occur from the rupture of a liver tumor (Volkow 5). Two of the most alarming consequences of taking anabolic steroids are the change in behavior/mood and how it affects a person’s mental status. Anabolic steroid use causes violent, aggressive behavior and irritability; approximately 60% of anabolic steroid users experience this change in behavior (Hoffman 187). Tony Mandarich, once proclaimed to be the â€Å"greatest offensive lineman prospect ever,â€Å" said that his steroid use caused his aggression to skyrocket on and off the field. â€Å"The Incredible Bulk† punched an Ohio State player for no reason before the football game even started and told him he â€Å"was going to die today† (Kozak). Anabolic steroid use also affected his thinking. Mandarich’s past steroid use caused him to say things that he would never say were he not on steroids. â€Å"Some of the stuff I said, when I look back now, is just embarrassing,† says Tony Mandarich (Kozak). Although elevated aggressiveness may be beneficial for athletes, that is not the case with your ordinary citizen. With these behavioral changes, an anabolic steroid user is much more likely to fight with other people. This is especially dangerous due to the fact that the steroid user is most likely bigger in size and strength than their opponent. A person may experience a psychotic episode where the steroid user will be in a blind rage, thus disabling their ability to control their emotions. In this event, an adolescent on anabolic steroids could injure many of his peers at school, possibly even kill them. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), â€Å"a recent study suggests that the mood and behavioral effects seen during anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse may result from secondary hormonal changes† (Volkow 4). This is especially true with Heidi Krieger. In females, masculinity may occur both physically and mentally with long-term use of anabolic steroids (Volkow 4). With Heidi Krieger, now known as Andreas Krieger, her long-term anabolic steroid use caused her to become masculine. Not only was she physically changing, the anabolic steroids caused her to believe that she was a man. In an interview with former European women’s shot put champion, she was asked about her past anabolic steroid use and how it caused her to physically and mentally change genders. She said, â€Å"I felt much more attracted to women and just felt like a man. But I knew I was not lesbian† (Cnn. com). One of the many questions researchers ask is â€Å"why†? Many wonder what are the motivational factors in a person’s choice to use anabolic steroids. One of the main factors to this question would be appearance (Kusserow 6). Throughout magazines are pictures displaying a person with rock-hard abs and bulging biceps. On television, an adolescent may see a commercial of a man who is extremely big and strong. 57% of adolescents participating in a survey pointed to magazines and 7% pointed to entertainment as sources of influence (Kusserow 8). Nowadays, society’s perception of the prototypical male is being big and strong. Due to pop culture, male adolescents have this newfound belief that they must improve their appearance to match the appearance of the prototypical male (Kusserow 6). Also, in today’s society peer approval is a must amongst most high school adolescents. Teenagers see their friends getting â€Å"jacked† by using anabolic steroids so they try and imitate those actions since it looks easy. With the correct training regimen, adolescents may accomplish their goals in getting big with great success. According to Richard P. Kusserow, 89% of anabolic steroid users reported that they were satisfied with the results they were hoping for when they first started using anabolic steroids (Kusserow 7). Due to the successful use of anabolic steroids, 97% of users â€Å"agree that the physical effects encouraged them to continue using steroids (Kusserow 7). For example, Tony Mandarich was influenced by his brother to use anabolic steroids so that he could increase size, strength, and athletic performance. His anabolic steroid use allowed him to be able to bench press 225 pounds an incredible 39 times while being able to maintain a 4. 69 40-yard dash. That is a godly feat for a man that is 6 foot 6 and 315 pounds. When asked about his past anabolic steroid use, Mandarich said,†You’re not supposed to be as strong as I am. You’re not supposed to be as fast as I am. You’re not supposed to be as good as I am† (Kozak). Apparently, without anabolic steroid use, Tony Mandarich would never have become the college football player that he was. Another motive adolescents have for using anabolic steroids is the pursuit for the improvement of athletic performance (Adolescent Steroid Abuse). Through the use of anabolic steroids, an adolescent can increase muscle mass, strength, and training capacity (Kusserow 7). According to Kusserow, many adolescents first use anabolic steroids at the age of 16 and that 85% of the users started by age 17 (Kusserow 5). Much of this thought process has to do with famous role model athletes. â€Å"Users believe that many high-level athletes have used steroids, and 42 percent say this influenced them to start using† (Kusserow 8). An adolescent varsity football player trying to obtain a football scholarship from a prestigious NCAA Division I football powerhouse may see an NFL football player that they admire, and look up to, using anabolic steroids. The adolescent could potentially try and imitate the NFL player’s actions due to this belief. With football scholarships from prestigious Division I football colleges being limited and competition amongst football players across the United States being extensive, adolescents will do all that they can to achieve their goal. Additionally, adolescents may view the benefits in using anabolic steroids as more positive than negative. If using anabolic steroids can help these adolescents get to a great school such as the University of Southern California or the University of Texas, the side effects of using anabolic steroids could be something they are willing to risk. Another motive that could cause an adolescent in using anabolic steroids in improving athletic performance is the pressure they receive from adults, including their own parents (Kusserow 8). 55% of adolescent anabolic steroid users claim that their parents know about their use of anabolic steroids and that the parents do not care (Kusserow 7). â€Å"People may give a certain amount of slack to football players because there’s this unspoken sense that in order to play the game well, you need an edge,† says Todd Boyd (Klosterman). If an adolescent can play well enough in sports to generate interest from college scouts, there is a good chance that the adolescent can get an athletic scholarship to help support their parents financially. Nowadays, college tuition is skyrocketing. It costs approximately $22,000 annually to attend the University of New Hampshire for an in-state student, and roughly $12,000 extra if you are out of state. With the recent economic downturn, many families do not have many financial options. Financial aid can only get you so far and the ability to take out a loan has become increasingly hard in this economy. Assuming an 18 year old adolescent is out of state and going to be attending the University of New Hampshire for four years, the adolescent would be saving $136,000 if he were able to get a full-boat scholarship. This is not even taking into account the annual increase in tuition that occurs after every school year and money for miscellaneous things. Although an adolescent’s parents may not be telling them directly to use anabolic steroids, the parents could be indirectly encouraging them to â€Å"juice upâ€Å" by placing tons of pressure on their kids. Adults, whether it is the parents or the coaches, place immense pressure on their kids to compete and win, while conveying mixed messages of what are acceptable ways to achieve that goal (Kusserow 7). Adolescents may interpret those messages as, â€Å"It’s okay to use steroids as long as you succeed and do not get caught† or, â€Å"Do what must be done to achieve your goal†. If this is the universal belief amongst adolescents across the United States, how long will it be before adolescents begin to interpret other topics, such as violence or drug dealing, in the same manner. Works Cited Adolescent Steroid Abuse. † Adolescent Steroid Abuse. Case Western Reserve University. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Hoffman, Jay R. , and Nicholas A. Ratamess. â€Å"Medical Issues Associated with Anabolic Steroid Use: Are They Exaggerated? † Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 01 June 2006. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. Klosterman, Chuck. â€Å"Why We Look the Other Way. † E SPN. com. ESPN Internet Ventures, 21 Mar. 2007. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Kozak, Kory. â€Å"Steroids Fueled Spectacular Rise and Fall. † ESPN. com. ESPN Internet Ventures, 17 Apr. 2009. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Pleitgen, Frederik. Athlete Says Sports Steroids Changed Him from Woman to man. † CNN. com. Cable News Network, 11 Aug. 2008. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . United States of America. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Inspector General. Adolescent Steroid Use. Richard P. Kusserow. Department of Health and Human Services, 1991. Print. United States of America. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute of Health. Anabolic Steroid Abuse. Nora D. Volkow. National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2001. National Institute of Drug Abuse Research Report Series. How to cite Exploring Adolescent Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances, Essay examples Exploring Adolescent Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances Free Essays Exploring Adolescent Use of Anabolic Steroids Since the introduction of anabolic steroids, the main objective of using them has been widely abused. The use of these substances has steadily increased throughout the years. As popularity of anabolic steroids escalated, so has its demand. We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring Adolescent Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the inception of anabolic steroids in the world of professional sports, the acceptance of doping amongst athletes was positive. During the 1970s, there were no repercussions for taking anabolic steroids, and so athletes, especially football players and weight-lifters, were trying to get that physical advantage over their competitors. Many professional baseball and football players of this most recent generation have used anabolic steroids. In football there was the great Lawrence Taylor, Bill Romanowski, and Shawne Merriman. In baseball, a steroid scandal involved the great Barry Bonds, and numerous baseball prodigies who juiced up such as Mark McGwire, Jose Canseco, Alex Rodriguez, Roger Clemens, and Manny Ramirez. Not only have baseball and football players used anabolic steroids, but other types of athletes, such as power-lifters, as well. In track and field, Tim Montgomery was cited for doping. In recent years, female track and field athletes such as Marion Jones were busted for using anabolic steroids. With the accessibility of anabolic steroids increasing at an alarming rate, a person has to wonder what kind of effect anabolic steroids could have on adolescents? If doping really is becoming accepted amongst professional athletes, what kind of influence will it have on the adolescents? This research analysis essay will be exploring the physical and mental risks and consequences for adolescents using anabolic steroids as well as their motivation for doping. Steroids were originally developed to administer to hypogonadism in the 1930s (Volkow 1). Through experimenting, scientists discovered that the use of anabolic steroids could generate muscle growth. This discovery led to the abuse of anabolic steroids in the sporting world. Technological experimentation and advances over time enabled researchers to identify many types of anabolic steroids. In researching the effects of anabolic steroids, scientists also detected many side effects from using anabolic steroids, although much is still unknown regarding their long-term side ffects (Kusserow 9). There are two ways of taking anabolic steroids, one way is to take them orally or by injection. In taking anabolic steroids with these two methods, an adolescent can severely damage the endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, the hepatic system, and the skin (Volkow 5). A major health defect of taking anabolic steroids is that it affects the endocrine system. The endocrine sy stem is a gland system that is responsible for the discharge of hormones that assist in regulating certain bodily processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development. One of the important factors that the endocrine system controls is the mood of a person. The human body already secretes certain hormones into the body to keep bodily processes functioning the way they were supposed to. By taking anabolic steroids, an adolescent is disrupting the natural production of hormones (Volkow 4). The endocrine system only secretes a certain amount of hormones a day to prevent imbalance. If the endocrine system secretes too many hormones into the human body, there will be a hormonal imbalance which could lead to disease or abnormal development. Taking anabolic steroids can cause reversible changes, which include sperm count deduction, infertility of sperm, and testicle shrinkage (Volkow 4). In males, irreversible changes may occur by taking anabolic steroids such as feminization and male-pattern baldness (Volkow 4). Although anabolic steroids may physically enhance a person’s appearance, the damage caused by anabolic steroids is something many adolescents are overlooking. The human body normally releases testosterone and other hormones that causes growth, and stops the release of hormones as well. However, taking anabolic steroids as an adolescent results in the synthetic release of hormones. This leads to a surplus of sex hormone levels that can prematurely signal the bones to stop growing (Volkow 4). Anabolic steroid use may cause more frequent tendon injuries due to â€Å"skeletal muscle adaptations taking place rather rapidly in comparison to connective tissue† (Hoffman 186). Also, anabolic steroid use causes severe acne based on research done by the Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (Hoffman 184). Not only can steroids stunt your growth as an adolescent, it can cause severe damage to the circulatory and hepatic systems. The circulatory system is responsible for the circulation of blood throughout the body. Other responsibilities include the removal of bodily wastes and the transference of nutrients to the cells. By taking anabolic steroids, an adolescent is increasing the risk of sustaining a heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular disease (Volkow 4; Hoffman 184-185). According to Kusserow, physicians conducting a study/research involving former steroid users noticed â€Å"links, without consensus on degree, to cardiovascular disease† and anabolic steroids (Kusserow 12). The clotting of blood in the blood vessels keeps blood from flowing to the heart, which may cause heart damage. An adolescent can experience a stroke from having a blood flow disruption to the brain. Anabolic steroids elevate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which is the main factor in having a disruption to the body’s blood flow (Hoffman 185). The hepatic system is the liver. The liver’s main responsibility is detoxifying the human body. At this point in time, living without a liver is impossible. So, if the liver were to have a blood flow disruption, the liver would fail, resulting in potential death. Using anabolic steroids may â€Å"increase risk of liver tumors and liver damage† (Hoffman 184). Internal bleeding may occur from the rupture of a liver tumor (Volkow 5). Two of the most alarming consequences of taking anabolic steroids are the change in behavior/mood and how it affects a person’s mental status. Anabolic steroid use causes violent, aggressive behavior and irritability; approximately 60% of anabolic steroid users experience this change in behavior (Hoffman 187). Tony Mandarich, once proclaimed to be the â€Å"greatest offensive lineman prospect ever,â€Å" said that his steroid use caused his aggression to skyrocket on and off the field. â€Å"The Incredible Bulk† punched an Ohio State player for no reason before the football game even started and told him he â€Å"was going to die today† (Kozak). Anabolic steroid use also affected his thinking. Mandarich’s past steroid use caused him to say things that he would never say were he not on steroids. â€Å"Some of the stuff I said, when I look back now, is just embarrassing,† says Tony Mandarich (Kozak). Although elevated aggressiveness may be beneficial for athletes, that is not the case with your ordinary citizen. With these behavioral changes, an anabolic steroid user is much more likely to fight with other people. This is especially dangerous due to the fact that the steroid user is most likely bigger in size and strength than their opponent. A person may experience a psychotic episode where the steroid user will be in a blind rage, thus disabling their ability to control their emotions. In this event, an adolescent on anabolic steroids could injure many of his peers at school, possibly even kill them. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), â€Å"a recent study suggests that the mood and behavioral effects seen during anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse may result from secondary hormonal changes† (Volkow 4). This is especially true with Heidi Krieger. In females, masculinity may occur both physically and mentally with long-term use of anabolic steroids (Volkow 4). With Heidi Krieger, now known as Andreas Krieger, her long-term anabolic steroid use caused her to become masculine. Not only was she physically changing, the anabolic steroids caused her to believe that she was a man. In an interview with former European women’s shot put champion, she was asked about her past anabolic steroid use and how it caused her to physically and mentally change genders. She said, â€Å"I felt much more attracted to women and just felt like a man. But I knew I was not lesbian† (Cnn. com). One of the many questions researchers ask is â€Å"why†? Many wonder what are the motivational factors in a person’s choice to use anabolic steroids. One of the main factors to this question would be appearance (Kusserow 6). Throughout magazines are pictures displaying a person with rock-hard abs and bulging biceps. On television, an adolescent may see a commercial of a man who is extremely big and strong. 57% of adolescents participating in a survey pointed to magazines and 7% pointed to entertainment as sources of influence (Kusserow 8). Nowadays, society’s perception of the prototypical male is being big and strong. Due to pop culture, male adolescents have this newfound belief that they must improve their appearance to match the appearance of the prototypical male (Kusserow 6). Also, in today’s society peer approval is a must amongst most high school adolescents. Teenagers see their friends getting â€Å"jacked† by using anabolic steroids so they try and imitate those actions since it looks easy. With the correct training regimen, adolescents may accomplish their goals in getting big with great success. According to Richard P. Kusserow, 89% of anabolic steroid users reported that they were satisfied with the results they were hoping for when they first started using anabolic steroids (Kusserow 7). Due to the successful use of anabolic steroids, 97% of users â€Å"agree that the physical effects encouraged them to continue using steroids (Kusserow 7). For example, Tony Mandarich was influenced by his brother to use anabolic steroids so that he could increase size, strength, and athletic performance. His anabolic steroid use allowed him to be able to bench press 225 pounds an incredible 39 times while being able to maintain a 4. 69 40-yard dash. That is a godly feat for a man that is 6 foot 6 and 315 pounds. When asked about his past anabolic steroid use, Mandarich said,†You’re not supposed to be as strong as I am. You’re not supposed to be as fast as I am. You’re not supposed to be as good as I am† (Kozak). Apparently, without anabolic steroid use, Tony Mandarich would never have become the college football player that he was. Another motive adolescents have for using anabolic steroids is the pursuit for the improvement of athletic performance (Adolescent Steroid Abuse). Through the use of anabolic steroids, an adolescent can increase muscle mass, strength, and training capacity (Kusserow 7). According to Kusserow, many adolescents first use anabolic steroids at the age of 16 and that 85% of the users started by age 17 (Kusserow 5). Much of this thought process has to do with famous role model athletes. â€Å"Users believe that many high-level athletes have used steroids, and 42 percent say this influenced them to start using† (Kusserow 8). An adolescent varsity football player trying to obtain a football scholarship from a prestigious NCAA Division I football powerhouse may see an NFL football player that they admire, and look up to, using anabolic steroids. The adolescent could potentially try and imitate the NFL player’s actions due to this belief. With football scholarships from prestigious Division I football colleges being limited and competition amongst football players across the United States being extensive, adolescents will do all that they can to achieve their goal. Additionally, adolescents may view the benefits in using anabolic steroids as more positive than negative. If using anabolic steroids can help these adolescents get to a great school such as the University of Southern California or the University of Texas, the side effects of using anabolic steroids could be something they are willing to risk. Another motive that could cause an adolescent in using anabolic steroids in improving athletic performance is the pressure they receive from adults, including their own parents (Kusserow 8). 55% of adolescent anabolic steroid users claim that their parents know about their use of anabolic steroids and that the parents do not care (Kusserow 7). â€Å"People may give a certain amount of slack to football players because there’s this unspoken sense that in order to play the game well, you need an edge,† says Todd Boyd (Klosterman). If an adolescent can play well enough in sports to generate interest from college scouts, there is a good chance that the adolescent can get an athletic scholarship to help support their parents financially. Nowadays, college tuition is skyrocketing. It costs approximately $22,000 annually to attend the University of New Hampshire for an in-state student, and roughly $12,000 extra if you are out of state. With the recent economic downturn, many families do not have many financial options. Financial aid can only get you so far and the ability to take out a loan has become increasingly hard in this economy. Assuming an 18 year old adolescent is out of state and going to be attending the University of New Hampshire for four years, the adolescent would be saving $136,000 if he were able to get a full-boat scholarship. This is not even taking into account the annual increase in tuition that occurs after every school year and money for miscellaneous things. Although an adolescent’s parents may not be telling them directly to use anabolic steroids, the parents could be indirectly encouraging them to â€Å"juice upâ€Å" by placing tons of pressure on their kids. Adults, whether it is the parents or the coaches, place immense pressure on their kids to compete and win, while conveying mixed messages of what are acceptable ways to achieve that goal (Kusserow 7). Adolescents may interpret those messages as, â€Å"It’s okay to use steroids as long as you succeed and do not get caught† or, â€Å"Do what must be done to achieve your goal†. If this is the universal belief amongst adolescents across the United States, how long will it be before adolescents begin to interpret other topics, such as violence or drug dealing, in the same manner. Works Cited Adolescent Steroid Abuse. † Adolescent Steroid Abuse. Case Western Reserve University. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Hoffman, Jay R. , and Nicholas A. Ratamess. â€Å"Medical Issues Associated with Anabolic Steroid Use: Are They Exaggerated? † Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 01 June 2006. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. Klosterman, Chuck. â€Å"Why We Look the Other Way. † E SPN. com. ESPN Internet Ventures, 21 Mar. 2007. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Kozak, Kory. â€Å"Steroids Fueled Spectacular Rise and Fall. † ESPN. com. ESPN Internet Ventures, 17 Apr. 2009. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Pleitgen, Frederik. Athlete Says Sports Steroids Changed Him from Woman to man. † CNN. com. Cable News Network, 11 Aug. 2008. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . United States of America. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Inspector General. Adolescent Steroid Use. Richard P. Kusserow. Department of Health and Human Services, 1991. Print. United States of America. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute of Health. Anabolic Steroid Abuse. Nora D. Volkow. National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2001. National Institute of Drug Abuse Research Report Series. How to cite Exploring Adolescent Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Healthcare Techniques-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Changing Patient experience using Health Technologies. Answer: Introduction Technology has been quite influential in bearing with patient and Healthcare. With the changing needs of the patient, there are different kinds of health Technologies that has been circulated for betterment and transformation of Healthcare. It is estimated that by 2018, in the entire world the Healthcare organisations will be supporting the patients through wearables apps, virtual care and through remote monitoring (Drotz Poksinska, 2014). Hence, with the help of the mobile technology there has been different ways through which Healthcare has improved. This includes mobile app for virtual clinic visits. This further has the patient satisfaction of getting an update through the app and understanding the graph of the improvement of the patient (Istepanian, Laxminarayan Pattichis, 2014). Search Methods The search method that has been used in the present study includes analysis of present articles and information. Different websites have been analysed in accumulating the necessary information. The information includes collecting different kinds of technology that is used in the present day health care of the patients. Remote monitoring tools and health portal technology are different kinds of applications that are influential (Hung, Tsai Chuang, 2014). Discussion The different type of Healthcare techniques that is used in the present day world includes wireless communication, cell service kiosks. The most important of this includes microchips modeling and clinical trials, which helps in streamlining current health care services. This helps in understanding the specific needs of the human patients as microchip modeling replaces the use of animals in different kinds of clinical trials (Renedo, Marston, Spyridonidis, Barlow, 2015). The next important technique that is used as a wearable technology is Google Glass. This technology particularly help in receiving better understanding of administer care of body patients and the practitioners (Drummond, Sculpher, Claxton, Stoddart, Torrance, 2015). The next important method is 3D printed biological materials. This further includes embryonic stem cells to help in testing different kinds of drugs and to assist new organs and their growth. The printing skin helps in laser printed skin cells that are u sed to understand the developing of tissues and cells for patients who are having problems with burn. Another major health care technique is the optogenetics. The purpose of the optogenetics is to understand the different activities of the brain and to control the same with the help of light. A vital improvement in the area of Healthcare techniques includes digestable sensors. In this method, the salient information is transformed to the medical practitioners from the patient (Mauger, Marbella, Pines, Chopra, Black Aronson, 2014). One of the most important cares that has been started in the recent era includes the first artificial pancreas which is capable of supplying insulin automatically. This helps in having healthy sugar content in the body and gives the sustainable way of reducing blood sugar (Skinner Staiger, 2015). Apart from this Google has actually initiated Digital contact lens, which is capable of adding and analysing the glucose content of the blood through the tears of a patient (Skinner Staiger, 2015). Another area of Intelligence has been diagnosing sleep apnoea. This is a condition where the bleeding stops and might lead to severe hypertension brain attacks diabetes or heart disease. In this case, the Smartwatch that has been initiated by the company Neogia is a variable motio HW that detects and helps in analysing sleep apnoea through its artificial intelligence. The next important step that has been started includes chest strap, which is made of medical grade and wore to understand heart rate variability skin temperature ECG activity data and heart rate (Peiris, Usherwood, Panaretto, Harris, Hunt, Redfern, ... Patel, 2015). Heath and security go side by side. It can be opined that maintaining the privacy of patient information is the fundamental principle for the association existing between a physician and a patient in a hospital. Folland, Goodman Stano (2016), opines that maintaining security and privacy of information go side by side. With the growing utilization of automated technologies like processing of medical claims and e subscribing, the healthcare privacy has increased by a considerable extent. It can be also seen that there are several elements of security management plan (Pomey, Hihat, Khalifa, Lebel, Nron Dumez, 2015). Developing program related to the given information security management Developing and identifying written procedures and policies related to security Identifying various responsibilities and roles for the security personnel The aspects of health and security goes simultaneously. This can be further explained with the help of the following diagram:- Figure: Process of health and security (Source : Street, Gold Manning, 2013) It is the responsibility of the information technology manager to update the system and application on a regular basis coupled with the planning of business continuity (Ker, Wang, Hajli, Song Ker, 2014). There are different kinds of online courses for the practitioners to help the patient through technological advancements (McFadden, Lee, Gowen Sharp, 2014). The main section of assessing the health technology includes the following: The impact that is created on the lives of the patient The relief that could be given to them The impact that is seen in the public care services The impact easy accessibility of different organisation The application of plan methods to check the patients The use of electronic bulletins has is useful in analyzing the graphs of the patients. About 80% of the doctors around the world opine to the fact that technology has helped them to stay close to the minutes of the patients. (Source : Gui, Val, Wei, Dalce, 2015) Most of the medical organisation especially the hospitals are trying to reach the goal model that is the mission and the vision with long integrated activities. The points that could be considered under the same includes : Goal effectiveness- the stakeholders are keen in maintaining most of the complexity of the patients through medical monitoring. This is to ensure utmost profit of the organisation with thorough medical monitoring through technological mediums (Andrade, Pereira, Walter, Almeida, Loureiro, Compagna Kyberd, 2014). Productivity- this has ensured the productivity of the organisation through visual basics monitoring. Most of the patients are receiving quality care in case of emergency (Ward, Marsolo Froehle, 2014). Employee related factors- factors such as absenteeism, lack of care could be monitored through different technological machines like the CCTV camera. This helps in bringing the solace to the family members of the patients and the employees need to take care for their employability (Wager, Lee Glaser, 2017). Without much doubt, it can be stated that modern day medical technology is essential to the health of the people and enhanced quality of life. There are certain advantages that the modern technology brings to the table in matters of healthcare (Wilsdon, Fiz Haderi, 2014). For instance, the extensive implementation of the electronic health documentations has resulted in considerable savings in costs related to healthcare along with improving on the factor of patient safety and health. In more healthcare facilities, the files of the patients are being saved in databases that can be contacted from anywhere within the facility (Jones, Rudin, Perry Shekelle, 2014). Diagnostics have never been this easier along with being more precise too, especially for the advancements in vicinities like nuclear medicine. Under the present circumstances, various methods of imaging facilitates for the technicians and physicians for monitoring the anatomy of the patient without requiring enveloping of a process in forming a diagnosis (Raitoharju, 2014). The demand for the MRI technologists and radiologists has also augmented accordingly due to the brisk advances in imagining technology. Simple invasive surgeries, particularly within the regulations of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery are becoming a common factor in recent times (Fernandez, Pallis, 2014). Surgical instruments are getting better and with rapid development of technology, surgeons are being facilitated in performing the modus operandi in the smallest of invasive ways that was just a distant dream even a few years ago (Kellermann Jones, 2013). Knowledge these days is imparted trough the big data. This is one of the innovative measures that have been taken by the stakeholders in order to understand the quality that is given to the patients. In most of the cases it is observed that the process is still nascent (Patil, Seshadri, 2014). However, timelessness, complexity and diversity are analyzed to obtain the necessary insights. The analytical environment has given way to simulation techniques. The healthcare of the patients has been improved through strong vigilance and the approach of predictive modeling (Bhavnani, Narula Sengupta, 2016). Gaps The literature review conducted in the present study includes analyzing the information that is available online and in different articles. It has been found that different kinds of technology has been analysed. However, there are still loopholes in many parts of the world. In most of the tropical countries, the importance of technology in health care has not been given the required preference. It is important to conduct studies and carry research in most of the Asian, African and tropical countries (Dietz, Baur, Hall, Puhl, Taveras, Uauy Kopelman, 2015). Conclusion Technology does have the potential in improving the care; however, it is not without the risk factor. Technology has been stated as being part of both the problem and solution for secure health care with some observers warning on the preamble of yet-to-be slip-ups after the implementation of modern technology. For instance, several health care providers and nurses can be relying so heavily on the data generated from monitors that they tend to fail in detecting the potentially important delicate changes in clinical position. Despite of all these, it can be said that technological advancement are cost-effective and improves on the capability of medical professionals in diagnosing and treating the health related issues of all sorts. References Andrade, A. O., Pereira, A. A., Walter, S., Almeida, R., Loureiro, R., Compagna, D., Kyberd, P. J. (2014). Bridging the gap between robotic technology and health care.Biomedical Signal Processing and Control,10, 65-78. Bhavnani, S. P., Narula, J., Sengupta, P. P. (2016). Mobile technology and the digitization of healthcare.European heart journal,37(18), 1428-1438. Dietz, W. H., Baur, L. A., Hall, K., Puhl, R. M., Taveras, E. M., Uauy, R., Kopelman, P. (2015). Management of obesity: improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care.The Lancet,385(9986), 2521-2533. Drotz, E., Poksinska, B. (2014). Lean in healthcare from employees perspectives.Journal of health organization and management,28(2), 177-195. Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G. L., Torrance, G. W. (2015).Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press. Fernandez, F., Pallis, G. C. (2014, November). Opportunities and challenges of the Internet of Things for healthcare: Systems engineering perspective. InWireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare (Mobihealth), 2014 EAI 4th International Conference on(pp. 263-266). IEEE. Folland, S., Goodman, A. C., Stano, M. (2016).The Economics of Health and Health Care: Pearson International Edition. Routledge. Gui, L., Val, T., Wei, A., Dalce, R. (2015). Improvement of range-free localization technology by a novel DV-hop protocol in wireless sensor networks.Ad Hoc Networks,24, 55-73. Hung, S. Y., Tsai, J. C. A., Chuang, C. C. (2014). Investigating primary health care nurses' intention to use information technology: An empirical study in Taiwan.Decision Support Systems,57, 331-342. Istepanian, R., Laxminarayan, S., Pattichis, C. S. (2014).M-health. John Wiley Sons. Jones, S. S., Rudin, R. S., Perry, T., Shekelle, P. G. (2014). Health information technology: an updated systematic review with a focus on meaningful use.Annals of internal medicine,160(1), 48-54. Kellermann, A. L., Jones, S. S. (2013). What it will take to achieve the as-yet-unfulfilled promises of health information technology.Health affairs,32(1), 63-68. Ker, J. I., Wang, Y., Hajli, M. N., Song, J., Ker, C. W. (2014). Deploying lean in healthcare: Evaluating information technology effectiveness in US hospital pharmacies.International Journal of Information Management,34(4), 556-560. Mauger, B., Marbella, A., Pines, E., Chopra, R., Black, E. R., Aronson, N. (2014). Implementing quality improvement strategies to reduce healthcare-associated infections: A systematic review.American journal of infection control,42(10), S274-S283. McFadden, K. L., Lee, J. Y., Gowen III, C. R., Sharp, B. M. (2014). Linking quality improvement practices to knowledge management capabilities.The Quality Management Journal,21(1), 42. Patil, H. K., Seshadri, R. (2014, June). Big data security and privacy issues in healthcare. InBig Data (BigData Congress), 2014 IEEE International Congress on(pp. 762-765). IEEE. Peiris, D., Usherwood, T., Panaretto, K., Harris, M., Hunt, J., Redfern, J., ... Patel, B. (2015). Effect of a computer-guided, quality improvement program for cardiovascular disease risk management in primary health care.Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes,8(1), 87-95. Pomey, M. P., Hihat, H., Khalifa, M., Lebel, P., Nron, A., Dumez, V. (2015). Patient partnership in quality improvement of healthcare services: Patients inputs and challenges faced.Patient Experience Journal,2(1), 29-42. Raitoharju, R. (2014). Information technology acceptance in the Finnish social and healthcare sector: exploring the effects of cultural factors. Renedo, A., Marston, C. A., Spyridonidis, D., Barlow, J. (2015). Patient and Public Involvement in Healthcare Quality Improvement: How organizations can help patients and professionals to collaborate.Public Management Review,17(1), 17-34. Skinner, J., Staiger, D. (2015). Technology diffusion and productivity growth in health care.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(5), 951-964. Street, R. L., Gold, W. R., Manning, T. R. (Eds.). (2013).Health promotion and interactive technology: Theoretical applications and future directions. Routledge. Wager, K. A., Lee, F. W., Glaser, J. P. (2017).Health care information systems: a practical approach for health care management. John Wiley Sons. Ward, M. J., Marsolo, K. A., Froehle, C. M. (2014). Applications of business analytics in healthcare.Business horizons,57(5), 571-582. Wilsdon, T. I. M., Fiz, E., Haderi, A. (2014). A comparative analysis of the role and impact of health technology assessment: 2013.Washington DC: Charles River Associates.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Law and Equity free essay sample

Law and Equity Essay (a) Outline the development of common law and equity. There was no system of law in England and Wales before 1066, as it was mainly based on customs which were just rules of behaviour and the other used to be the decisions of judges. The law in England and Wales built over the centuries. There were various methods of creating laws which were called â€Å"sources of law†. However, in the 18th Century Parliament became more powerful which lead the Acts of Parliament (statues) to be the main sources of law today. Decisions made by the judges are also essential today as they interpreted Parliamentary law where there was no statue law. During the twentieth century statue law and judicial decisions continued to be the major sources of law but, in addition there were two new sources became increasingly important these were delegated legislation and European law. Delegated legislation is law made by a body other than Parliament. We will write a custom essay sample on Law and Equity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Parliament gives others the power to pass delegated legislation in a parent or enabling Act. Customs are rules of behaviour that develop in a community without being deliberately invented. There are two main types of Customs: Local Customs and General Customs. Local customs is when a person claims to have some sort of a local right as they believe that right has always been accepted locally and they are claiming the right is local custom. Judges developed tests to decide whether to uphold such customs. One of the tests were that `the custom must have existed since time immemorial`. It was very unusual for a new custom to be considered by the judges, but there have been some case such as Egerton v Harding (1974) the court decided that there was a customary duty to fence land against cattle staying from the common. It is believed that the General custom was effectively the basis of the common law. When the country was brought under the centralised As it was largely based on customs before 1066, Customs varied from place to place in the North the Dane Law was being put into operation, in the Midlands it was the Mercian Law and in the South/West part of the country Wessex law was being implemented. However, in 1066 William of Normandy took over the England throne and set up the Curia Regis (King’s Court). This court consisted of nobleman who acted as judges. A practice was started of sending judges around the country to hold assizes (or sittings) to hear cases locally. In 1154 when King Henry II came to the throne he divided the country into circuits which lead the tours of the judges to be more regular. The judges acted as a â€Å"sifting process† where they would return to West minister and discuss the various laws that have been operated around the country. This enabled the judges, over a period of roughly 200 years, to take the best local laws and apply them throughout the land. Thus, as a result of this in 1250 there was a law which was same all around the country and this is how `common law` was established. The principle of ‘stare decisis’ also came into place which meant ‘stand by the decision’ and forms the basis of precedent today. There were many problems with the common law. The problems were mainly relating to the writ system which was a document containing the details of a person’s claim. The first problem with the writ system was that it was too rigid; if it was filled out incorrectly it would be completely ignored. The other problem was that the nobleman limited the type of writs due to the Provisions of Oxford 1258, so that certain categories of claim existed. The last problem was that the only remedy that the courts could give was the damages. This was not appropriate as in some cases such as in land disputes where money could not compensate the loss of land. People were disappointed therefore they wrote to the king to complain. The king was known as the â€Å"The Fountain of Justice†. The king was overwhelmed by the complaints and passed it on the Chancellor who known as ‘The Keeper of the King’s Conscience’ as he was both a lawyer and a priest. The chancellor had a reputation of solving the cases fairly and based on justice. The chancellor dealt with so many claims that in 1474 he was given his own court named as Court of Chancery this is when a new law came into place named â€Å"equity† meaning fairness. Equity historically had been an important source and still plays a vital role with many of our legal concepts having developed from equitable principles. The word equity meaning â€Å"fairness† operates on its meaning when adding to our law. Equity and Common Law both systems functioned side by side and eventually a conflict developed between these two systems and in that equity would frequently overruled common law decisions and denied them. The problem was that the Common law courts would make an order in the favour of the other party whereas the Chancery court would make an order in the favour of the other party. This conflict was later solved in The Earl of Oxford’s Case 1615 when the king came to the decision that where there was conflict equity should prevail. However, once the equity became a body of law rather that arbitrary exercise of conscience, there was no reason that it needed its own court. Therefore, the two systems merged together by Judicature Acts 1873-75 which established that equity and common law could both be administered by all courts and provide the system we have today. Hence, common law advanced from customs and on the other hand equity established from the problems in common law and today both systems are delivered in all courts. (b) What has been the impact of modern equity on the common law? The Chancellor began to introduce new procedures and remedies. He formed subpoenas where he ordered the witnesses to attend the court. The chancellor also created new remedies of injunctions, rescission, rectification and specific performance. Injunction is an order to stop a person doing a particular act, like acting in breach of contract (a prohibitory injunction) or mandatory. For example, a landlord might bring an action against a tenant for waste, in which the right to protect the land-lords interest in the ownership of the premises is at issue. The landlord might apply to the court for an injunction against the tenants continuing harmful use of the property. The injunction is an ancillary remedy in the action against the tenant. Rescission allowed the parties to a contract where they can be in their original positions in the case of a contract induced by a falsification. Rectification allowed the contracted documents to be altered and specific performance orders the party to act as promised under the contract. All four remedies mentioned above are still widely used today. Injunctions can be used in issues of domestic violence or noise pollution whereas rescission, specific performance and rectification can all be used in the law of contract. Equity also created maxims which had to be satisfied before equitable rules could be applied. Maxims are sayings that express principles of equity. These maxims were designed to ensure that decisions were morally fair. A maxim which elaborates on how equity operates is â€Å"equity acts as a shield not as a sword†, this states that equity is used to protect not to punish people. The other maxim is that â€Å"he who comes to equity must come with clean hands†, this illustrates that whoever uses equitable remedy must have acted equitably them selves as well. This maxim was used in the case of DC Builders v Rees, in this case the couple were not allowed to rely on the equitable principle of â€Å"promissory estoppel† because they did not act fairly when did not pay back the builder what they owed him. One of the other maxims are `delay defeats equity`. This means that when a claimant takes unreasonably long time to bring an action which means that the equitable remedies will not be available. This maxim was applied in the case of Leaf v International Galleries where claimant realised after five years that the painting he bought was not genuine and he claimed the equitable remedy for rescission, but the court said that the delay had been too long. Equity is still very significant today. It is being used all over the country in the areas of mortgage and trust. The area of contract is still very much based on principles of equity. Trusts are originated entirely on equity where the trustee, who has interest in the property, should perform in the favour of the person with an `equitable interest` in the property. Equitable principles are still being developed such as the â€Å"promissory estoppel`, it is discussed in the DC Builders. Lord Denning developed this in The High Trees Case it stops the person to go back on a promise. The most recent development has been of `deserted wife’s equity` this was developed to overcome the problem of marriages when the martial home is on the husbands name only however now until any of the children’s reach the age of 16 the wife don’t have to leave the house. In conclusion equity came into place because of the problems in the common law and is believed to have brought fairness and justice where the common law was unsuccessful and it is said that â€Å"equity provides a gloss on common law†.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

ABORTION misc00 essays

ABORTION misc00 essays During the past century, abortion has joined race and war as one of the most debatable subjects of controversy in the United States. The issue of abortion causes discussions about human interactions where ethics, emotions and law come together. There are many reasons why women decide to have abortions. Some women have abortions because of health complications, some have marital problems, and some lack responsibility. Whatever the reasons a woman decides to have an abortion, it seems only justified that she should be able to make decisions in regards to her life and body. The decisions that she makes in regards to what she does with her body and the fetus will be beneficial to both the woman and the fetus because it will prevent many problems from occurring in the future. If a woman were to have an unwanted baby, she may neglect or even abuse the child causing the child to go into the care of the government. Bringing an unwanted child into the world is unfair to the innocent child and the woman. The government has no valid reason in bringing an unwanted life into the world. Bringing an unwanted child into the world is not helpful to the parents, the child and the government, because if the parents cannot take care of the child, eventually, the government will be responsible for the child. The right to have an abortion is personal and essential to a womans life, because having a baby in ones life causes dramatic changes. Pregnancy and childbirth can prevent women from keeping and getting jobs. When women are pregnant many employers do not want to hire them because when the woman has a baby, the company or employer must still pay her for the time that she is out of work by law. Also, raising a baby and providing for all the needs that a child has is a lot of money, which can create an insufficient income for many women. Another factor that imposes on women when they have children is the amount of time they have for themsel...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Unsaturated Definition in Chemistry

Unsaturated Definition in Chemistry In chemistry, the term unsaturated usually refers to one of two things. When referring to chemical  solutions, an unsaturated solution is able to dissolve more solute. In other words, the solution is not saturated. An unsaturated solution is more dilute than a saturated solution. When referring to organic compounds, unsaturated means a molecule contains double or triple carbons of unsaturated organic molecules include HCCH and H2CO. In this context, being saturated can be thought of as being saturated with hydrogen atoms. Saturation can also refer to the percentage of protein binding sites that are filled or the the lack of susceptibility of an organometallic compound to oxidative addition. Whenever the term saturation is used in chemistry, it refers to whether a phenomenon is close to maximum capacity.. Source Badertscher, M.; Bischofberger, K.; Munk, M.E.; Pretsch, E. (2001). A Novel Formalism To Characterize the Degree of Unsaturation of Organic Molecules. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 41 (4): 889. doi:10.1021/ci000135o

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Personal Statement Example Until now, I can still recall the exact time I fell in love with numbers and its analysis. I was in middle school, and an excellent teacher had been showing us how to tackle numerical problems. Imagine my delight with the adeptness I possess in following problem-solving techniques; after that memorable moment, I am hooked for life. The obsession I had helped me go through high school and college experience. As I passed entrance exam in secondary level with flying colors, I had been bombarded with different mathematical concepts, from geometry, trigonometry, algebra and calculus. Yet, another event marked my interest towards a specific course. When I took the class in Computer Science, we were introduced to C++ and FoxPro, deviating my interest towards analytical systems involved in computer processes. At 12th grade level, I had the honor of passing the course, with a Certificate to prove it. My interest in analytical mathematics led me to computer science programming, and the fascina tion had come to stay. In pursuance with numerical passion, it became the basis for my course selection Babes-Bolyai University, an excellent university in Cluj-Napoca. I took a program involving the combination of mathematics analysis and computer programming, Mathematics and Computer Science course, where I pored over a variety of concepts: Numerical analysis, Differential equations and Dynamic systems, Affine geometry, and Numerical solving of equations, Object oriented programming, Applications for mobile, Analysis and administration of complex computers systems, and Evolved programming methods. It may sound intimidating for others, but in my case, it had been like enjoying a favorite pastime. To top it all, I could get to share my enthusiasm with younger minds; I volunteered as tutor to students from grade 5-12. Giving my students a part of my analytical fixations with numbers is indeed a pleasurable episode for all of us. As much as I love my country, it seems that I am destin ed to go on a global scale. As I approached my fourth year in university, I was able to visit my relatives in Portland, Oregon for the summer. Unbeknown to me, I would meet the guy for me, Dan, who had been based in Seattle, Washington. We got on well together, as we both share an abundant love for life and adventure. Even though I went back to finish my course, we maintained constant contact. However, our love for each other had been adamant, and Dan proposed when he came to see me during my winter break--we got hitched summer that year. Forced to halt my studies in Romania, I relocated to follow my husband in Seattle, Washington. My need for mathematical challenges hunted me, and after thorough search for an outstanding university, I know what I am meant to do. I have to apply for degree on Applied Computational Mathematical Sciences in your top-rate institution, University of Washington. Only you have the competency to nurture my creative talent with numbers. Career Goals A few m onths after my marriage, I got pregnant, delaying my academic aspirations for a while, but was able to proceed years after. Unfortunately, my first attempt in the University of Washington had been denied. Thus, I channeled my energy towards another course in Bellevue College on Relational Database Developer, and this summer, I will have my certificate for the 45 units that I might accomplish. I am optimistic that this time, I will be given the chance

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Ethics Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics Project - Case Study Example This is because the company might not be able to establish the efficacy of the other levels of the client’s security system that were done by another or other computer network security companies (George 45). The risk aversion principle supports my recommendation because the event of liability for a security breach would tarnish the reputation of the company making it lose the trust of its many clients when it would easily borne the loss of one potential client. When declining to grant the client’s request, the CEO would need to provide the client with sufficient information on all potential risks involved for both the company and the client. This would comply with the guiding principle of the Association of Information Technology Professionals’ ideal of upholding honesty. Finally, my recommendation to decline the client’s request would be to benefit the many clients of the company by reassuring them of the company’s accountability. Based on the utilitarian principle, it would be better for the company to lose this potential client and safeguard the trust of its many clients (George 45). Snapchat’s actions were not ethical because they would have caused serious damages to its subscribers. As such, the first specific action that Snapchat should have taken would have been to verify whether the security vulnerability was genuine or not in order to be sure of the plan of action. Another specific action for Snapchat would have been to initiate containment measures based on the extent of the vulnerability or the accrued damages in order to attend to its corporate duty of taking care of its clients. The final action would have been to notify its clients about the security vulnerability and reassure them that it has contained it in order to demonstrate its accountability to its clients (Perlroth & Wortham p8). The actions of

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Federalists vs Democrats 18th Century Essay Example for Free

Federalists vs Democrats 18th Century Essay Throughout the 1790s the birth of American political parties emerged. Many of Americas founding fathers hated the idea of political parties because they represented political parties came about because of the difference in opinions among the population. The newborn constitution brought about issues such as north and south, rich and poor, and agriculture vs. industries that would revolutionize the way people in America thought, and their beliefs, thus giving birth to political parties. The political parties were divided as follows. There was Alexander Hamilton, a Federalist, and his followers who believed in a strong central government that would support their interests in commerce and industry. Amongst the Federalists supporters were some of the most influential men of the time, including: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and John Jay. These men had great opposition to the constitution and wrote about them in their Federalist Papers and were read all across the nation. The Federalists wanted to solve the issues of the nation themselves. Thomas Jefferson was categorized as a Democratic-Republican. The Republicans believed in a decentralized agrarian republic in which federal government had limited powers. The two parties struggled against each other heavily in the beginning. After the ratification of Jays Treaty in 1794, providing a somewhat sugar-coated commercial relationship, awoke differing opinions between the Federalists and the Republicans. In one corner stood John Adams, federalist, supporting the ratification of Jays Treaty because it avoided war and continued trade. On the other side there was Jefferson, Democratic-Republican, who believed the treaty left doors open for the British to continue abuses of power such as impressment. For a long time, opposing political parties consumed what was the media of the era and created an opinion among the people. Although with its great efforts and philosophers, the Federalist party soon seized to exist, and for years the Democratic-Republicans regulated what is the United States.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

My Classroom Management Plan Essay -- Classroom Management 2014

Many of us tend to equate classroom management with discipline (and for that matter, to equate discipline with punishment, but that's another story). I see classroom management as the processes and procedures that are in place to mitigate the need for punishment, leaving discipline to cleave to its roots of "to follow." Anything else is not classroom management. It’s damage control. Classroom management starts, for me, with very clear expectations, and firmly established procedures.  I begin the year (or semester) with a more formal, regulated tone, and have so far been able to end each year and semester with an atmosphere of relaxed mutual respect. I value students’ self-control over my being in control. Room Arrangement One of the goals of my room set-up is to minimize non-instructional interaction.  This sounds a bit impersonal and harsh, but its intent is to keep students on task, give them consistency in behavioral expectations, and to minimize their attempts to derail my teaching. Everyone benefits. There are clear procedures written on the whiteboard behind my desk for absentees, make up work, and getting extra help. There areFAQ  signs about work being for a grade, the temperature, whatever all around the room.  I try to maintain a predictable schedule so students know what's expected of them during each part of the 98 minutes we spend together each day -- and don't have to ask.  The agenda and objectives are on the board behind my desk. (I balked at this requirement during summer school, but have found that it allows students to know what's expected of them. They do look at it, and are quick to ask questions about the items I post that are intentionally ambiguous.)   I have a peninsula table at the entry where ... ...Toddlers and teens have more in common than not: They're at a transitional stage in which they are testing limits, learning boundaries, and trying on personalities. Once they learn the specific boundaries and consequences of my classroom, most are grateful for the atmosphere of safety and respect in my classroom. It’s still a daily struggle, but the amount of time I’ve spent focusing on damage control has been minimal during the school term. Does all this mean my room is a sweat shop where students feel repressed, dragged down and not able to express themselves?  No. It means that the students who are there to learn have an environment where they feel safe and able to be themselves. We have running inside jokes. And peach cobbler. I do loads of group work, peer teaching, and self-guided activities that can only be effective in a class with seamless management. My Classroom Management Plan Essay -- Classroom Management 2014 Many of us tend to equate classroom management with discipline (and for that matter, to equate discipline with punishment, but that's another story). I see classroom management as the processes and procedures that are in place to mitigate the need for punishment, leaving discipline to cleave to its roots of "to follow." Anything else is not classroom management. It’s damage control. Classroom management starts, for me, with very clear expectations, and firmly established procedures.  I begin the year (or semester) with a more formal, regulated tone, and have so far been able to end each year and semester with an atmosphere of relaxed mutual respect. I value students’ self-control over my being in control. Room Arrangement One of the goals of my room set-up is to minimize non-instructional interaction.  This sounds a bit impersonal and harsh, but its intent is to keep students on task, give them consistency in behavioral expectations, and to minimize their attempts to derail my teaching. Everyone benefits. There are clear procedures written on the whiteboard behind my desk for absentees, make up work, and getting extra help. There areFAQ  signs about work being for a grade, the temperature, whatever all around the room.  I try to maintain a predictable schedule so students know what's expected of them during each part of the 98 minutes we spend together each day -- and don't have to ask.  The agenda and objectives are on the board behind my desk. (I balked at this requirement during summer school, but have found that it allows students to know what's expected of them. They do look at it, and are quick to ask questions about the items I post that are intentionally ambiguous.)   I have a peninsula table at the entry where ... ...Toddlers and teens have more in common than not: They're at a transitional stage in which they are testing limits, learning boundaries, and trying on personalities. Once they learn the specific boundaries and consequences of my classroom, most are grateful for the atmosphere of safety and respect in my classroom. It’s still a daily struggle, but the amount of time I’ve spent focusing on damage control has been minimal during the school term. Does all this mean my room is a sweat shop where students feel repressed, dragged down and not able to express themselves?  No. It means that the students who are there to learn have an environment where they feel safe and able to be themselves. We have running inside jokes. And peach cobbler. I do loads of group work, peer teaching, and self-guided activities that can only be effective in a class with seamless management.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Mexican immigration

Mexican immigration has been considered as a distinct event that occupies a place in the history of United States immigration.   There are currently millions of Mexican Americans in the U.S., occupying almost all regions of the country.   Their immigration started in the 20th century and the influx of Mexicans is still continuing to date.   The culture of Mexico and its US immigrants is complex, representing a combination of Spanish, Mexican and other indigenous tribal traditions and beliefs. The significant migration of Mexicans to the US has influenced the judiciary and public systems of the US.   In addition, legislative rulings regarding immigration have been constantly changing since the 20th century, mostly due to the Mexican migration.   Interestingly, the US society has also experience variations in reception of these migrant individuals, ranging from a warm welcome to a cold feeling for unsolicited migrants.   In return, the Mexican immigrants have learned to adapt to an ever-changing treatment in the US and have become skilled at defending themselves from US citizens that show prejudice towards them. Today, a huge portion of the US population is composed of Mexican immigrants.   Their numbers in the US have made them prominent social and cultural group, influencing the employment of the Spanish language in most of the public services and commercial products.   The Mexican food has been around the US for hundreds of years now, with its meals being a staple even to non-Mexican US citizens. The growth of the Latino population in the United States has resulted in the significant observation of social and economic risk factors that are associated with health.   Mexican-Americans or the Latino population comprise the largest group of immigrants in the United States.   Studies have revealed that the concept of having Mexican origins was an independent risk factor that influences conditions of being uninsured.   Even though the word â€Å"Latino† is an acceptable descriptor for this specific population, other groups categorized this ethnic group as â€Å"Hispanic.†Ã‚   Several studies have attempted to describe and evaluate the socio-demographic features of Mexican-Americans, including the health conditions and healthcare needs of this specific population (NIH, 2006). The Mexican-American population is considered an immigrant population, hence it should also be noted that it takes time for this population to totally settle down in the United States (Schmidley, 2001).   Studies show that first-generation Mexican American families experienced a more difficult living condition than subsequent generation.   These include family income level, educational attainment and language.   It has been generally observed that approximately 65% of the first-generation Mexican-Americans lived in poverty, and 75% of the heads of Mexican-American household possessed less than 9th grade education.   It is also interesting to know that less that 10% of the Mexican-American households had a good command of English. First-generation Mexican American children had the highest rate of being uninsured (64.2%), which was significantly higher than the percentage reported for Hispanics as a whole. Significant differences persisted for the second- and third generation groups. In fact, each generational group of Mexican American children was more likely to be uninsured than either non-Hispanic white children or black children. It is also interesting to note that, among first-generation Mexican American children, there were almost equal proportions of children with private and public health insurance. This is not surprising, because 70% of the heads of household were employed.   A significantly greater proportion of first-generation children could be insured if their parents worked for employers who provided health insurance. Even when insurance is offered, however, many employed Hispanics in poor and low-income households decline coverage because of lack of affordability. Previous reports that immigrant children as a whole are less likely to have health insurance, less likely to have a usual source of care, and less likely to have had a doctor’s visit in the past year were limited in that they did not differentiate Hispanic subgroups or generations.   First-generation Mexican American children had much worse health care access than previously described for Hispanic children as a whole. Previous studies show that majority of Hispanic children had a usual source of care.   With regard to immigrant children, 51% of all foreign-born children (including Latino, white, black, and Asian children) in working-poor families were uninsured and that 65% had a usual source of care, suggesting that first-generation Mexican American children may also fare worse than immigrant children considered as a whole. Even when first-generation Mexican American children were insured, they had the lowest likelihood of having a regular source of care or a specific provider. First-generation Mexican American children also demonstrated the lowest levels of utilization of health care services, as assessed by visits to a physician, use of prescription medications, and screening for hearing and vision problems (Holl et al., 1995; Weinick and Krauss, 2000).   Poor health care access is a known predictor of poor health care utilization; however, the data also suggest that the first-generation group might have had decreased needs.   For example, fewer reported earaches/infections in the first-generation group and lower levels of treatment for ear infections were consistent with fewer visits to a physician for earache/infection. First-generation Mexican American children also had lower rates of reported cold or flu, pneumonia, and ear infections, which were consistent with lower rates of prescription medication use.   Better health outcomes in recent immigrant populations form the basis of what has been described as the â€Å"epidemiologic paradox† (Trevino et al., 1991).   Despite the presence of demographic and socioeconomic risk factors, foreign-born Mexican American women have low birth weight infant birth rates and infant mortality rates similar to those of white women. It has not been confirmed that any advantage at birth persists into early childhood, and study results are conflicting.   Mexican American mothers report low rates of asthma, coordination problems, psychologic and behavioral problems, speech problems, and mental retardation among their children, suggesting that immigrant children may fare better with regard to specific illnesses. A substantially higher number of first-generation Mexican American households reported Spanish as the primary language spoken and also had lower levels of health care access and utilization, compared with the other groups (Kurzon, 2000).   Hispanic parents identify language problems, long waits at the physician’s office, lack of health insurance, difficulty paying medical bills, and difficulty arranging transportation as the greatest barriers to care (Halfon et al., 1997). However, several may not bring their children in for care if the medical staff does not understand Hispanic culture.   This is an important realization that points to systemic factors, as opposed to individual patient factors, as causes of racial/ethnic disparities in health care. The cultural shortcomings of clinical staff, including lack of Spanish language proficiency, lack of knowledge of Hispanic culture, and lack of Hispanic staff members, cannot be underestimated.   Additional research is required to identify the specific barriers to health care access and utilization for specific population subgroups, the benefits of a culturally competent and language-friendly clinical environment, and the costs of creating and maintaining such an environment. Indeed, culture, cultural perspective, and/or cultural differences may account for a portion of the difference attributed to generational status (Jackson and Heroux, 1999). One of the most studied measures of acculturation, namely, language, reflected the first-generation Mexican American households, with most being primarily Spanish-speaking. Although the definitions of acculturation varied, past studies that used language preference as a measure of acculturation showed increased use of preventive services and decreased perceived barriers to care for Hispanics who spoke English. A substantially higher number of first-generation Mexican American households reported Spanish as the primary language spoken and also had lower levels of health care access and utilization, compared with the other groups.   The language and culture of the medical office may have disproportionate effects on utilization of health care for first-generation immigrants (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4389/is_200410/ai_n15294610). Hispanic parents identify language problems, long waits at the physician’s office, lack of health insurance, difficulty paying medical bills, and difficulty arranging transportation as the greatest barriers to care. However, many may not bring their children in for care if the medical staff does not understand Hispanic culture.   This is an important realization that points to systemic factors, as opposed to individual patient factors, as causes of racial/ethnic disparities in health care. T he cultural shortcomings of clinical staff, including lack of Spanish language proficiency, lack of knowledge of Hispanic culture, and lack of Hispanic staff members, cannot be underestimated.   Additional research is required to identify the specific barriers to health care access and utilization for specific population subgroups, the benefits of a culturally competent and language-friendly clinical environment, and the costs of creating and maintaining such an environment. First-generation Mexican American children also demonstrated the lowest levels of utilization of health care services, as assessed by visits to a physician, use of prescription medications, and screening for hearing and vision problems. Poor health care access is a known predictor of poor health care utilization.   The first-generation group might have had decreased needs.   For example, fewer reported earaches/infections in the first-generation group and lower levels of treatment for ear infections were consistent with fewer visits to a physician for earache/infection. First-generation Mexican American children also had lower rates of reported cold or flu, pneumonia, and ear infections, which were consistent with lower rates of prescription medication use.   Better health outcomes in recent immigrant populations form the basis of what has been described as the â€Å"epidemiologic paradox.† Previous studies of perinatal outcomes showed that, despite the presence of demographic and socioeconomic risk factors, foreign-born Mexican American women have low birth weight infant birth rates and infant mortality rates similar to those of white women. It has not been confirmed that any advantage at birth persists into early childhood, and study results are conflicting.   Previous studies suggested that Mexican American mothers report low rates of asthma, coordination problems, psychologic and behavioral problems, speech problems, and mental retardation among their children, suggesting that immigrant children may fare better with regard to specific illnesses. The generational status alone may account for lower developmental scores among Mexican American children.   Lower rates of specific illnesses among first-generation Mexican American children seem to support the epidemiologic paradox, suggesting that first-generation Mexican American children had decreased health care needs with respect to the conditions reported. This might have translated into decreased utilization of health services for this group.   The theory that Mexican American children become less healthy as they become more acculturated has now been assessed and reviewed.   Subsequent generations reported higher prevalence of the illnesses tested, adding to evidence in the literature that Hispanic immigrant children have health outcomes and indicators that worsen with greater acculturation and each successive generation (NIH, 2007). References Halfon N, Wood DL, Valdez RB, Pereyra M and Duan N (1997): Medicaid enrollment and health services access by Latino children in inner-city Los Angeles. JAMA 277:636–641 Holl JL, Szilagyi PG, Rodewald LE, Byrd RS and Weitzman ML (1995): Profile of uninsured children in the United States. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.   149:398–406 http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4389/is_200410/ai_n15294610 Jackson M and Heroux J (1999):   Program to address sociocultural barriers to health care in Hispanic communities.   National Program Report.   Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/19/d5/46.pdf Kurzon VP (2000):   Mexican-American culture and antepartum management.   Grad. Res. Nursing.   Retrieved from http://www.graduateresearch.com/kurzon.htm. National Institutes of Health (2007):   Health disparities.   Bethesda: NIH. National Institutes of Health (2007):   U.S.-born Hispanics may have poorer health than immigrants.   Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_52026.html Schmidley AD (2000): Profile of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States.   Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Census Bureau Current Population Reports, series. p23-206. Trevino FM, Moyer ME, Valdez RB, Stroup-Benham CA (1991): Health insurance coverage and utilization of health services by Mexican Americans, mainland Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans. JAMA   265:233–237. Weinick RM, Krauss NA. Racial/ethnic differences in children’s access to care. Am. J. Public Health. 90:1771–1774.         

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Effective Change Leader and Facilitator Essay

To prepare myself now for being an effective change leader and facilitator I can educate myself on the process of change initiatives and how other companies have successfully implemented radical change initiatives. It is important to have an understanding of change in business and one way of obtaining that understanding may be through higher education such and college or training. I would also try to read books and articles about strategic management. Radical change is typically when a business or organization is changing a lot like a merger with another company or changing the way they do business. Jackson (2009) said that â€Å"radical change is relatively infrequent and generally takes a long time to complete. It touches everyone and everything in the organization†. (Jackson, Schuler & Werner, 2008) I think that I would more often be expected to lead and facilitate Incremental change which is â€Å"an ongoing process of evolution over time, during which many small changes occur routinely. The cumulative effect of many small changes may be to transform the organization totally†. (Jackson, Schuler & Werner, 2008) It is important to be well informed about the organization and the environment in which the organization does business. Once the objectives and reasons for change are addressed, then a plan for change should be made. Before fully implementing change it is important to have an understanding of how the change will affect the organization. Employees should also be informed of the importance of the change, how it will affect them, and how it will occur. Through learning about other organizations that have implemented similar changes lessons can be learned to not make similar mistakes. Working with consultants that have gone through the change process with other companies could also be very beneficial because they have experience. There are many authors that have written about strategic change and how to effectively implement radical change. Reading about change before the process starts could make me more prepared for leading others through change. I have also taken a few classes about strategic management and organizational development and how changes can be facilitated. I think that the more educated about change and the more experience gained through participating in change the more comfortable I would be with leading and facilitating change. References Jackson , S., Schuler, R., & Werner, S. (2008).Managing human resources. (10 ed., pp. 27-31). Australia: Cengage Learning.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Hero Essay on George Bush

Hero Essay on George Bush There are many people of the modern times that would fit the description of a hero. A hero is a person of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his/her brave deeds and noble qualities. One of my heroes of the 21st century is George W. Bush. Bush is the president of the United States and is doing what he thinks is right for our country. Some people do not like Bush because he went to war and they did not think he had to go to war. Bush is one of my heroes of the modern times.In classic literature heroes typically went through 4 stages in their journey. The first stage is when a hero or heroine leaves safe and familiar surroundings to search for a new understanding of life. George W. Bush left the familiar surroundings of a world without war to go to war. This was called on by the attack of the world trade centers and George Bush had to do something to counter this so other nations would not just do the same thing.In the book, Blair writes that he hoped that Georg...Going to wa r was an unknown land and Bush went here to show other nations that they would not attack us again. Bush searched for a new meaning of life and left a familiar surrounding and this is what makes him a hero.The second stage of being a hero or heroine is discovering the road that leads out of his secure homeland that has many obstacles, dangers, threats and struggles. Bush left the United States to go to Iraq, which is a unfamiliar place with many dangers and hardships. He did this knowing it was difficult but to make sure that the United States was secure in the future and protected. The result of what Bush did is worth...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

The Layers of Earths Atmosphere

The Layers of Earths Atmosphere The envelope of gas surrounding our planet Earth, known as the atmosphere, is organized into five distinct layers. These layers start at ground level, measured at sea level, and rise into what we call outer space. From the ground up they are: the troposphere,the stratosphere,the mesosphere,the thermosphere, andthe exosphere. In-between each of these major five layers are transition zones called pauses where temperature changes, air composition, and air density occur. Pauses included, the atmosphere is a total of 9 layers thick! The Troposphere: Where Weather Happens Of all the atmospheres layers, the troposphere is the one were most familiar with (whether you realize it or not) since we live at its bottom the Earths surface. It hugs the Earths surface and extends upward to about high. Troposphere means, ‘where the air turns over’. A very appropriate name, since it is the layer where our day-to-day weather takes place. Starting at sea level, the troposphere goes up 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km) high. The bottom one third, that which is closest to us, contains 50% of all atmospheric gasses. This is the only part of the whole makeup of the atmosphere that is breathable. Thanks to its air being heated from below by the earths surface which absorbs the suns heat energy, tropospheric temperatures decrease as you travel up into the layer. At its top is a thin layer called the tropopause, which is just a buffer between the troposphere and the stratosphere. The Stratosphere: Ozones Home The stratosphere is the next layer of the atmosphere. It extends anywhere from 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km) above Earths surface up to 31 miles (50 km). This is the layer where most commercial airliners fly and weather balloons travel to. Here the air doesn’t flow up and down but flows parallel to the earth in very fast moving air streams. Its temperature also increases as you go up, thanks to the abundance of natural ozone (O3) the byproduct of solar radiation and oxygen which has a knack for absorbing the suns harmful UV rays. (Anytime temperatures increase with elevation in meteorology, its known as an inversion.) Since the stratosphere has warmer temperatures at its bottom and cooler air at its top, convection (thunderstorms) is rare in this part of the atmosphere. In fact, you can visibly spot its bottom layer in stormy weather by where the anvil-shaped tops of cumulonimbus clouds are. How so? Since the layer acts as a cap to convection, the tops of storm clouds have nowhere to go but spread outward. After the stratosphere, there is again a buffer layer, this time called the stratopause. The Mesosphere: The Middle Atmosphere Starting roughly 31 miles (50 km) above Earths surface and extending up to 53 miles (85 km) is the mesosphere. The mesospheres top region is the coldest naturally occurring place on Earth. Its temperatures can dip below -220  °F (-143  °C, -130 K)! The Thermosphere: The Upper Atmosphere After the mesosphere and mesopause come the thermosphere. Measured between 53 miles (85 km) and 375 miles (600 km) above the earth, it contains less than 0.01% of all air within the atmospheric envelope. Temperatures here reach upward to 3,600  Ã‚ °F (2,000  °C), but because the air is so thin and there are so few gas molecules to transfer the heat, these high temperatures would amazingly feel very cold to our skin. The Exosphere: Where Atmosphere and Outer Space Meet Some 6,200 miles (10,000 km) above the earth is the exosphere the atmospheres outer edge. It is where weather satellites orbit the earth. What About the Ionosphere? The ionosphere isnt its own separate layer but is actually the name given to the atmosphere from about 37 miles (60 km) to 620 miles (1,000 km) high. (It includes the top-most parts of the mesosphere and all of the thermosphere and exosphere.) Gas atoms drift into space from here. It is called ionosphere because in this part of the atmosphere the sun’s radiation is ionized, or pulled apart as it travels earth’s magnetic fields to the north and south poles. This pulling apart is seen from earth as auroras. Edited by Tiffany Means